Causal judgment from contingency information: A systematic test of thepCI rule
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Causal judgment from contingency information: a systematic test of the pCI rule.
Contingency information is information about the occurrence or nonoccurrence of an effect when a possible cause is present or absent. Under the evidential evaluation model, instances of contingency information are transformed into evidence and causal judgment is based on the proportion of relevant instances evaluated as confirmatory for the candidate cause. In this article, two experiments are ...
متن کاملCausal judgment from contingency information: relation between subjective reports and individual tendencies in judgment.
In two experiments, participants made causal judgments from contingency information for problems with different objective contingencies. After the judgment task, the participants reported how their judgments had changed following each type of contingency information. Some reported idiosyncratic tendencies--in other words, tendencies contrary to those expected under associative-learning and norm...
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Participants made judgments about stimulus materials in which there were 2 possible causes of an outcome. One of these was a common factor, a factor present in all instances presented for judgment, and the other was a positive covariate of the outcome. Instead of interpreting the positive covariate as the cause, participants consistently preferred an interpretation in which the common factor wa...
متن کاملAccounting for occurrences: a new view of the use of contingency information in causal judgment.
When people make causal judgments from contingency information, a principal aim is to account for occurrences of the outcome. When 2 causes are under consideration, the capacity of either to account for occurrences is judged from how likely the cause is to be present when the outcome occurs and from the rate at which the outcome occurs when that cause alone is present, which gives an estimate o...
متن کاملEffects of wording and stimulus format on the use of contingency information in causal judgment.
There are four kinds of contingency information: occurrences and nonoccurrences of an effect in the presence and in the absence of a cause. Previous studies have shown that these four kinds are not given equal weight in causal judgment. The present research was designed to test two hypotheses about this unequal weighting: that weightings are influenced by the form of the question and other feat...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Memory & Cognition
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0090-502X,1532-5946
DOI: 10.3758/bf03195830